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Signs of unexpected endpoint-to-endpoint (including servers) communications.

Signs of enumeration of AD and/or LSASS credentials being dumped (e.g., Mimikatz or NTDSutil.exe).

Any unexpected PowerShell execution or use of PsTools suite.

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RMM software is commonly used by malicious actors to maintain persistence.

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Signs of any unexpected usage of remote monitoring and management (RMM) software (including portable executables that are not installed).

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Malicious actors often name Cobalt Strike Windows processes with the same names as legitimate Windows processes to obfuscate their presence and complicate investigations. Cobalt Strike is a commercial penetration testing software suite.

Signs of the presence of Cobalt Strike beacon/client.

Misuse of these tools is a common ransomware technique to inhibit system recovery. Look for anomalous usage of built-in Windows tools such as bcdedit.exe, fsutil.exe (deletejournal), vssadmin.exe, wbadmin.exe, and wmic.exe (shadowcopy or shadowstorage).

Endpoint modifications that may impair backups, shadow copy, disk journaling, or boot configurations.

Anomalous VPN device logins or other suspicious logins.

Newly created Active Directory accounts or accounts with escalated privileges, and recent activity related to privileged accounts such as Domain Admins.

Search Engine Optimization (SEO) poisoning.įor organizations that have their own threat hunters and do not use an external Managed Detection and Response (MDR) service, CISA added the following points for enterprise and cloud environments.

Employ logical or physical means of network segmentation by implementing ZTA and separating various business units or departmental IT resources within your organization and maintain separation between IT and operational technology.ĬISA consider the following to be advanced forms of social engineering:.

ZTA assumes a network is compromised and provides a collection of concepts and ideas designed to minimize uncertainty in enforcing accurate, least privilege per request access decisions in information systems and services.

Make access control enforcement as granular as possible. Implement a zero trust architecture (ZTA) to prevent unauthorized access to data and services.Consider using a multi-cloud solution to avoid vendor lock-in for cloud-to-cloud backups in case all accounts under the same vendor are impacted.It is also important to repeat security awareness training regularly to keep your staff informed and vigilant. Training should include tips on being able to recognize illegitimate websites and search results. Create policies to include cybersecurity awareness training about advanced forms of social engineering for personnel that have access to your network.Consider subscribing to services that monitor the dark web for compromised credentials.

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Consider employing password-less MFA that replace passwords with two or more verification factors (e.g., a fingerprint, facial recognition, device pin, or a cryptographic key).

Escalate to senior management upon discovery of systems that do not allow MFA, systems that do not enforce MFA, and any users who are not enrolled with MFA. Implement phishing-resistant multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all services, particularly for email, VPNs, and accounts that access critical systems.Threat actors also often gain access by exploiting virtual private networks (VPNs) or using compromised credentials. Threat actors often gain initial access to a network through exposed and poorly secured remote services, and later traverse the network using the native Windows RDP client. If RDP is necessary, apply best practices. Limit the use of RDP and other remote desktop services.Since the CISA list of recommendations is huge we will focus on the new points, with links to further Malwarebytes resources, and add our own set of recommendations at the end. Threat hunting tips for detection and analysis of ransomware actors.Updated recommendations to address cloud backups and zero trust architecture (ZTA).Recommendations for preventing common initial infection vectors.The #StopRansomware guide is set up as a one-stop resource to help organizations reduce the risk of ransomware incidents through best practices to detect, prevent, respond, and recover from them, including step-by-step approaches to address potential attacks. The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has updated its #StopRansomware guide to account for the fact that ransomware actors have accelerated their tactics and techniques since the original guide was released in September of 2020.

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